KVS TGT Science Syllabus 2025, Check Topics

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) will soon start the recruitment process for various Teachers for 8977 vacancies. Candidates planning to appear for the examination must read each and every topic included in the KVS TGT Science Syllabus 2025. The exam consists of various subjects, so it is important for candidates to give priority to those subjects with higher importance. To read and understand the complete syllabus, scroll down the article.

KVS TGT Science Syllabus 2025

The KVS TGT Science Syllabus 2025 is an important study material for candidates preparing for the science discipline. This syllabus covered all the important topics that candidates have to understand well to perform well in the exam. To score good marks, it is necessary to know on which topics we have to focus on more. The KVS TGT Exam is divided into four parts. Part I consists of General English and General Hindi. Part II covers GK, Reasoning, and Computer. Part III is for Perspectives on Education and Leadership, while Part IV covers the Science subject. Candidates will have 180 minutes to complete the exam, and each correct answer is of 1 mark.

KVS Science Syllabus 2025 for PGT

The science subject consists of three subjects: Physics, Chemistry and Biology. The topic-wise syllabus has been discussed below for the candidates appearing for the TGT Science.

Chemistry

Basic concepts of Chemistry

General Introduction: Importance and Scope of Chemistry, Nature of matter, Laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: concept of elements, atoms, and molecules, empirical and molecular formula, chemical reactions, Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry, and States of Matter.

Structure of an Atom

Discovery of Electrons. Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Themson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations. Bohr's model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg, uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

Classification of elements and Periodicity in properties

Brief history of the development of the periodic table, modern periodic law, and the present form ofthe  periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements- atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency. Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bort, Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.

Chemical Thermodynamics

Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions.

First law of thermodynamics - internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of AU & AH, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization. sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics, Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, criteria for equilibrium, Third law of thermodynamics

Equilibrium

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).

Redox reaction

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redes reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions.

Organic Chemistry

General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions

Classification of Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Alkanes Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion, and pyrolysis. Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties. Methods of preparation, chemical reactions, addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), osmolysis, oxidation, and the mechanism of electrophilic addition.

Alkynes - Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature, benzene resonance, aromaticity. chemical properties mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional group in monosubstituted benzene, Carcinogenicity and toxicity

Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gasses in liquids, solid solutions, Racult's law, colligative properties relative lowering of vapor pres elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of mo masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor

Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential. Nernst equation and its applica chemical cells. Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration,

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction concentration, temperature, catalyst: order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenues equation

d and f Block Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metal-metallic character, ionization enthalpy oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds alloy formation, preparation and properties of Potassium dichromate and Potassium permanganate

Lanthanoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids

Coordination Compounds

Introductum, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes. IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding Wemer's theory, VBI, and (FI) structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system)

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of-dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT

Aldehydes, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Aldehydes and Ketones

Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Amines (organic compounds containing Nitrogen)

Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose glycogen; Importance of carbohydrates.

Proteins: Elementary idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes Hormones - Elementary idea excluding structure.

Vitamins- Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.

Biology

The Living World

Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; the concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature

Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Plant Kingdom

Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae (Topics excluded - Angiosperms, Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations)

Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and at a few examples of each category).

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of families: Solanaceae

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

Structural Organisation in Animals

Morphology, Anatomy, and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog

Cell -The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system- endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes - properties, enzyme action.

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and their significance

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Plant- Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions for growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Introduction to respiratory organs in animals; Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system - structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH, diabetes insipidus; micturition; role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement - amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.

Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system and peripheral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; visceral nervous system.

Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; hormones of heart, kidney and gastrointestinal tract; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo- and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation; parturition; lactation.

Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods; medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation, Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; linkage and crossing over; Sex determination in human being, birds and honey bee; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans -thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic 8 material; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - lac operon; Human genome project; DNA fingerprinting.

Evolution

Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); adaptive radiation; Darwin's theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy - Weinberg's principle; human evolution

Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.

Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Biotechnology and its Application

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; Human insulin, gene therapy; molecular diagnosis; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

Organisms and Populations

Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Ecosystem

Ecosystem, productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy. Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity - Concept, levels, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Physics

Physical World and Measurement 
Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; Sl units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures. dimensional analysis and its applications. 

Kinematics 

Frame of reference. Motion in a one, two and three dimension: Position-time graph, speed and velocity. 
Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. 
Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion. Vectors: Position and displacement vectors addition and subtraction of vectors. Relative velocity scalar product of vectors, Vector product of vectors. 
Unit vector: Resolution of a vector in a plane rectangular components. Motion in a plane. Cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion. 

Laws of Motion 

Intuitive concept of force. Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and Its applications. 
Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Types of friction, laws of friction, Dynamics of uniform circular motion. 

Work, Energy, and Power 

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic 
energy, work-energy theorem, power. 
Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. 

Motion of Systems of Particles and Rigid Bodies 

Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conversation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid 
body; centre of mass of uniform rod. 
: moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum with some examples. 
Dynamics of rigid bodies, comparison of linear and rotational motions; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. 
Values of moments of inertia for geometrical objects. Parallel and perpendicular axis theorems and their applications. 

Gravitation 

Keplar's laws of planetary motion. The universal law of gravitation. 
Variation of Acceleration due to gravity and with altitude, latitude and depth. 
Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites. 

Properties of Bulk Matter 

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, modulus of elasticity. 
Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications 
Viscosity. Stokes law, terminal velocity, Reynold's number, streamline and turbulent flow. Bernoulli's theorem and its 
applications. 
Surface energy and surface tension, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise. 
Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat calorimetry; change of state latent heat. 
Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation, thermal conductivity, Newton's law of cooling.

Electrostatics 

Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law and its application, force between two point 
charges, 
forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in uniform electric field, Gauss's theorem and its applications 
Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. 
Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarisation, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor. Van de Graaff generator. 

Current Electricity 

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity. 
Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance. 
Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. 
Kirchhoff's laws and its applications.. Potentiometer - principle and its applications Thermal and chemical effect of current. 

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 

Biot-Savart law and its application 
Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids, Lorentz's force. Cyclotron, synchrotron. 
Interaction of a current-carrying conductor with a magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors. Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field and its application; Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole momentof a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets. 

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents 

Mutual Inductance. Need for displacement current, Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and Alternating currents and its measurement, reactance and impedance; LC oscillations, LCR series circuit, resonance;  power in AC circuits,. generator, motors and transformer. 

Optics 

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker's formula. Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. Scattering of light and its application. 
Optical instruments: Human eye defects and its correction. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wave front and Huygens' principle, reflection and refraction of a plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarised light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroids. 

Modern Physics 

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Compton effect, diffraction of X-rays, Bragg's law, Hall effect. Matter waves- wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment. Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, packing fraction and magnetic moment, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars, isotones. Radioactivity-alpha, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; liquid drop model of nucleus, nuclear fission and fusion, critical mass,chain reaction and fission reaction, ionization chamber, Geiger counter and scintillation counter, linear accelerator. beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. 

Electronic Devices 

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates and its combination. Transistor as a switch.

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