CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2025

The CSIR NET exam is conducted to test the eligibility of Indian Nationals for award of Junior Research Fellowship and appointment as assistant professor and admission to Ph.D. and admission to Ph. D. only. Through CSIR UGC NET exam the qualified candidates will be eligible to get into Indian Universities, colleges and Reasearch and Development establishments. The Life Sciences syllabus is published by the Human Resouce Development Group (HRDG) along with the official notification. The CSIR Life Science Syllabus is the guiding light to all the aspirants preparing for CSIR NET Life Science exam.

CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2025

There are three sections to the CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus, and all parts comprise objective-type, multiple-choice questions. No break is given between the papers during the CSIR UGC NET exam, whether it is life science or any other subject. General aptitude, or Part-A, is the same for everyone, but the topics covered in the NET Life Science Syllabus for Parts B and C are subject-specific. The subject specific topics include Inheritance Biology, Cell Organisation, Fundamental Processes, Plant and Animal System Physiology, Applied Biology, Molecules and their Interaction, Ecological Principles, and Methods in Biology.

CSIR NET Answer Key 2025 Out - Click to Download

CSIR NET Life Science Exam Pattern 2025

The CSIR NET Life Science exam is conducted in the form of multiple-choice questions. So, the CSIR Life Science MCQ exam pattern is detailed here. A complete explanation of the CSIR NET Syllabus 2025 and Exam Pattern for Life Sciences is provided with the number of total questions asked and the minimum number of questions that the candidate must attempt.

1. Type of Paper: Multiple-choice question
2. Total marks: 200
3. Exam duration: Three hours.
4. There will be three sections to the question paper.
5. Each incorrect response results in 25% negative marking (¼th marks allotted to the question)

CSIR NET Life Science Marking Scheme

A total of 75 multiple-choice questions from Parts A, B, and C must be attempted by candidates in the CSER NET Life Sciences paper. In Parts A and B, each question is worth two marks, while in Part C, each question is worth four marks. Each wrong response in Parts A, B, and C results in a 25% deduction in score. The negative marking is of ¼ mark for every incorrect answer.

CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus 2025

The CSIR NET Life Science exam Syllabus is very vast, but here we have provided some of the major topics while attaching the detailed Syllabus in the form of a PDF. 

CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus Part A

Let us begin with Part A, which is common for all the students appearing for CSIR NET exam. It basically tests a candidate's numerical ability, Data Interpretation & graphic Analysis skills and reasoning ability. This part is comparatively easier than the other parts. Some of the important topics of CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus Part A are as follows:

Numerical Ability

The numerical ability is tested by giving questions from the following topics. These are not very difficult to answer; if the candidate has basic mathematical skills, he or she will be able to answer these questions.

• Average
• Percentage
• Interest
• Numbers
• Profit and Loss
• Quadratic Equations
• Simplification
• Sequence
• Surd and Indices
• Mensuration
• Partnership etc

Data Interpretation and Graphical Analysis

• Measures of Dispersion
• Different types of Charts
• Tabulation
• Mean, Median mode, etc.

Reasoning Ability

• Coding-Decoding
• Analogy
• Series Formation
• Calendar and Clock
• Puzzles
• Ranking
• Sitting Arrangement
• Direction and Distance, etc.

CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus Part B and C

Subject-wise scope of the CSIR NET Life Science syllabus is extensive. Therefore, understanding it is crucial to planning your preparation. Have a look at the entire detailed syllabus below. We have listed some of the most important topics of the CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus Parts B and C as follows:

Unit 1: Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

• Structure of atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds.
• Composition, structure and function of biomolecules
  • carbohydrates,
  • lipids,
  • proteins,
  • nucleic acids
  • vitamins
• Stablizing interactions
  • Van der Waals
  • electrostatic
  • hydrogen bonding
  • hydrophobic interaction, etc.)
• Principles of biophysical chemistry
  • pH,
  • buffer,
  • reaction kinetics,
  • thermodynamics,
  • colligative properties
• Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers.
• Principles of catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics, enzyme regulation, mechanism of enzyme catalysis, isozymes
• Conformation of proteins
  • Ramachandran plot,
  • secondary structure,
  • domains,
  • motif and folds
• Conformation of nucleic acids
  • helix (A, B, Z),
  • t-RNA,
  • micro-RNA
• Stability of proteins and nucleic acids
• Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and vitamins.

Unit 2: Cellular Organisation

• Membrane structure and function (Structure of model membrane, lipid bilayer and membrane protein diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, active transport, membrane pumps, mechanism of sorting and regulation of intracellular transport,electrical properties of membranes).
• Cell division and cell cycle (Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle).
• Microbial Physiology (Growth yield and characteristics, strategies of cell division, stress response).
• Organization of genes and chromosomes (Operon, unique and repetitive DNA, interrupted genes, gene families, structure of chromatin and chromosomes, heterochromatin, euchromatin, transposons).
• Structural organization and function of intracellular organelles (Cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, plastids, vacuoles, chloroplast, structure & function of cytoskeleton and its role in motility).

Unit 3: Fundamental Processes

• DNA replication, repair, and recombination (Unit of replication, enzymes involved, replication origin and replication fork, fidelity of replication, extrachromosomal replicons, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, homologous and site-specific recombination).
• Protein synthesis and processing (Ribosome, formation of initiation complex, initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors, termination, genetic code, aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, and translational proof-reading, translational inhibitors, Post- translational modification of proteins).
• RNA synthesis and processing (transcription factors and machinery, formation of initiation complex, transcription activator and repressor, RNA polymerases, capping, elongation, and termination, RNA processing, RNA editing, splicing, and polyadenylation, structure and function of different types of RNA, RNA transport).
• Control of gene expression at transcription and translation level (regulating the expression of phages, viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, role of chromatin in gene expression, and gene silencing).

Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

• Host parasite interaction Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells.
• Cellular communication Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation.
• Cell signaling Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant twocomponent systems, light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing.
• Innate and adaptive immune system Cells and molecules involved in innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antigenicity and immunogenicity. B and T cell epitopes, structure and function of antibody molecules. generation of antibody diversity, monoclonal antibodies, antibody engineering, antigen-antibody interactions, MHC molecules, antigen processing and presentation, activation and differentiation of B and T cells, B and T cell receptors, humoral and cellmediated immune responses, primary and secondary immune modulation, the complement system, Toll-like receptors, cell-mediated effector functions, inflammation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity, immune response during bacterial (tuberculosis), parasitic (malaria) and viral (HIV) infections, congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, vaccines.
• Cancer Genetic rearrangements in progenitor cells, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cancer and the cell cycle, virus-induced cancer, metastasis, interaction of cancer cells with normal cells, apoptosis, therapeutic interventions of uncontrolled cell growth.

Unit 5: Developmental Biology

• Basic concepts of development : Potency, commitment, specification, induction, competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting; mutants and transgenics in analysis of development
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals : Cell aggregation and differentiation in Dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila, amphibia and chick; organogenesis – vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction, limb development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic development- larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal development; sex determination.
• Morphogenesis and organogenesis in plants: Organization of shoot and root apical meristem; shoot and root development; leaf development and phyllotaxy; transition to flowering, floral meristems and floral development in Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum
• Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: Production of gametes, cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and double fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation, embryonic fields, gastrulation and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination.
• Programmed cell death, aging and senescence

Unit 6: System Physiology - Plant

• Photosynthesis - Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photoprotective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathways.
• Respiration and photorespiration – Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway.
• Secondary metabolites - Biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds and their roles.
• Plant hormones – Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action.
• Sensory photobiology - Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks.
• Nitrogen metabolism - Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis.
• Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation – uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration; mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates.
• Stress physiology – Responses of plants to biotic (pathogen and insects) and abiotic (water, temperature and salt) stresses.

Unit 7: System Physiology - Animal

• Blood and circulation - Blood corpuscles, haemopoiesis and formed elements, plasma function, blood volume, blood volume regulation, blood groups, haemoglobin, immunity, haemostasis.
• Cardiovascular System: Comparative anatomy of heart structure, myogenic heart, specialized tissue, ECG – its principle and significance, cardiac cycle, heart as a pump, blood pressure, neural and chemical regulation of all above.
• Respiratory system - Comparison of respiration in different species, anatomical considerations, transport of gases, exchange of gases, waste elimination, neural and chemical regulation of respiration.
• Nervous system - Neurons, action potential, gross neuroanatomy of the brain and spinal cord, central and peripheral nervous system, neural control of muscle tone and posture.
• Sense organs - Vision, hearing and tactile response.
• Excretory system - Comparative physiology of excretion, kidney, urine formation, urine concentration, waste elimination, micturition, regulation of water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance.
• Thermoregulation - Comfort zone, body temperature – physical, chemical, neural regulation, acclimatization.
• Stress and adaptation
• Digestive system - Digestion, absorption, energy balance, BMR.
• Endocrinology and reproduction - Endocrine glands, basic mechanism of hormone action, hormones and diseases; reproductive processes, gametogenesis, ovulation, neuroendocrine regulation

Unit 8: Inheritance Biology

• Mendelian principles : Dominance, segregation, independent assortment.
• Extensions of Mendelian principles : Codominance, incomplete dominance, gene interactions, pleiotropy, genomic imprinting, penetrance and expressivity, phenocopy, linkage and crossing over, sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced characters.
• Microbial genetics : Methods of genetic transfers – transformation, conjugation, transduction and sex-duction, mapping genes by interrupted mating, fine structure analysis of genes.
• Gene mapping methods : Linkage maps, tetrad analysis, mapping with molecular markers, mapping by using somatic cell hybrids, development of mapping population in plants.
• Extra chromosomal inheritance : Inheritance of Mitochondrial and chloroplast genes, maternal inheritance.
• Human genetics : Pedigree analysis, lod score for linkage testing, karyotypes, genetic disorders.
• Mutation : Types, causes and detection, mutant types – lethal, conditional, biochemical, loss of function, gain of function, germinal verses somatic mutants, insertional mutagenesis.
• Structural and numerical alterations of chromosomes : Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation, ploidy and their genetic implications.
• Recombination : Homologous and non-homologous recombination including transposition.
• Concept of gene : Allele, multiple alleles, pseudoallele, complementation tests
• Quantitative genetics : Polygenic inheritance, heritability and its measurements, QTL mapping.

Unit 9: Diversity of Life Forms

• Principles & methods of taxonomy: Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical & quantititative methods of taxonomy of plants, animals and microorganisms.
• Levels of structural organization: Unicellular, colonial and multicellular forms. Levels of organization of tissues, organs & systems. Comparative anatomy, adaptive radiation, adaptive modifications.
• Outline classification of plants, animals & microorganisms: Important criteria used for classification in each taxon. Classification of plants, animals and microorganisms. Evolutionary relationships among taxa.
• Natural history of Indian subcontinent: Major habitat types of the subcontinent, geographic origins and migrations of species. Comman Indian mammals, birds. Seasonality and phenology of the subcontinent.
• Organisms of health & agricultural importance: Common parasites and pathogens of humans, domestic animals and crops.
• Organisms of conservation concern: Rare, endangered species. Conservation strategies.

Unit 10: Ecological Principles

• The Environment: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions.
• Habitat and Niche: Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement.
• Population Ecology: Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies (r and K selection); concept of metapopulation – demes and dispersal, interdemic extinctions, age structured populations.
• Species Interactions: Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis.
• Community Ecology: Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones.
• Ecological Succession: Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax.
• Ecosystem Ecology: Ecosystem structure; ecosystem function; energy flow and mineral cycling (C,N,P); primary production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems: terrestrial (forest, grassland) and aquatic (fresh water, marine, eustarine).
• Biogeography: Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India.
• Applied Ecology: Environmental pollution; global environmental change; biodiversity: status, monitoring and documentation; major drivers of biodiversity change; biodiversity management approaches.
• Conservation Biology: Principles of conservation, major approaches to management, Indian case studies on conservation/management strategy (Project Tiger, Biosphere reserves).

Unit 11: Evolution and Behaviour

• Emergence of evolutionary thoughts Lamarck; Darwin–concepts of variation, adaptation, struggle, fitness and natural selection; Mendelism; Spontaneity of mutations; The evolutionary synthesis.
• Paleontology and Evolutionary History: The evolutionary time scale; Eras, periods and epoch; Major events in the evolutionary time scale; Origins of unicellular and multi cellular organisms; Major groups of plants and animals; Stages in primate evolution including Homo.
• Origin of cells and unicellular evolution: Origin of basic biological molecules; Abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymers; Concept of Oparin and Haldane; Experiement of Miller (1953); The first cell; Evolution of prokaryotes; Origin of eukaryotic cells; Evolution of unicellular eukaryotes; Anaerobic metabolism, photosynthesis and aerobic metabolism.
• The Mechanisms: Population genetics – Populations, Gene pool, Gene frequency; Hardy-Weinberg Law; concepts and rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and random genetic drift; Adaptive radiation; Isolating mechanisms; Speciation; Allopatricity and Sympatricity; Convergent evolution; Sexual selection; Co-evolution.
• Molecular Evolution: Concepts of neutral evolution, molecular divergence and molecular clocks; Molecular tools in phylogeny, classification and identification; Protein and nucleotide sequence analysis; origin of new genes and proteins; Gene duplication and divergence.
• Brain, Behavior and Evolution: Approaches and methods in study of behavior; Proximate and ultimate causation; Altruism and evolution-Group selection, Kin selection, Reciprocal altruism; Neural basis of learning, memory, cognition, sleep and arousal; Biological clocks; Development of behavior; Social communication; Social dominance; Use of space and territoriality; Mating systems, Parental investment and Reproductive success; Parental care; Aggressive behavior; Habitat selection and optimality in foraging; Migration, orientation and navigation; Domestication and behavioural changes.

Unit 12: Applied Biology

• Microbial fermentation and production of small and macro molecules.
• Application of immunological principles, vaccines, diagnostics. Tissue and cell culture methods for plants and animals.
• Transgenic animals and plants, molecular approaches to diagnosis and strain identification.
• Genomics and its application to health and agriculture, including gene therapy.
• Bioresource and uses of biodiversity.
• Breeding in plants and animals, including marker – assisted selection
• Bioremediation and phytoremediation
• Biosensors

Unit 13: Methods in Biology

• Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA methods: Isolation and purification of RNA , DNA (genomic and plasmid) and proteins, different separation methods. Analysis of RNA, DNA and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis, Isoelectric focusing gels. Molecular cloning of DNA or RNA fragments in bacterial and eukaryotic systems. Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors. Isolation of specific nucleic acid sequences Generation of genomic and cDNA libraries in plasmid, phage, cosmid, BAC and YAC vectors. In vitro mutagenesis and deletion techniques, gene knock out in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. Protein sequencing methods, detection of post translation modification of proteins. DNA sequencing methods, strategies for genome sequencing. Methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and protein level, large scale expression, such as micro array based techniques Isolation, separation and analysis of carbohydrate and lipid molecules RFLP, RAPD and AFLP techniques
• Histochemical and Immunotechniques Antibody generation, Detection of molecules using ELISA, RIA, western blot, immunoprecipitation, fluocytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, detection of molecules in living cells, in situ localization by techniques such as FISH and GISH.
• Biophysical Method: Molecular analysis using UV/visible, fluorescence, circular dichroism, NMR and ESR spectroscopy Molecular structure determination using X-ray diffraction and NMR, Molecular analysis using light scattering, different types of mass spectrometry and surface plasma resonance methods.
• Statisitcal Methods: Measures of central tendency and dispersal; probability distributions (Binomial, Poisson and normal); Sampling distribution; Difference between parametric and non-parametric statistics; Confidence Interval; Errors; Levels of significance; Regression and Correlation; t-test; Analysis of variance; X2 test;; Basic introduction to Muetrovariate statistics, etc.
• Radiolabeling techniques: Detection and measurement of different types of radioisotopes normally used in biology, incorporation of radioisotopes in biological tissues and cells, molecular imaging of radioactive material, safety guidelines.
• Microscopic techniques: Visulization of cells and subcellular components by light microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells, scanning and transmission microscopes, different fixation and staining techniques for EM, freeze-etch and freezefracture methods for EM, image processing methods in microscopy.
• Electrophysiological methods: Single neuron recording, patch-clamp recording, ECG, Brain activity recording, lesion and stimulation of brain, pharmacological testing, PET, MRI, fMRI, CAT
• Methods in field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns through direct, indirect and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behaviour, habitat characterization: ground and remote sensing methods.

CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus 2025 PDF

We have already mentioned all the important point of the CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus 2025 but many times we need a hard copy of it. So here's the PDF for candidates to download and keep it safe for referring again and again.

CSIR NET Life Science Syllabus PDF - Click to Download

CSIR NET Syllabus 2025 - Click to Check